A mechanical device that operates with the QUANTUM MECHANICS: a group of reasearchers designed a gadget that moves in ways that can only be described by quantum mechanics-the set of rules that governs the behaviour of tiny things like molecules,atoms,subparticles.
University of california designed the machine- a tiny metal paddle of semicondoctor, visible to the naked eye and coaxed it in dancing with a quantum groove.
First they cooled the paddle until it reached its ground state permitted by the laws of quantum mechanics.
Then they raiesd the widgets energy by a single quantum to produce a purely quantum mechanical state of motion. They even managed to put the gadget in both states at once, so that it literally vibrated a little and s lot at the same time-BIZARRE phenomenon allowed by the weird rules of quantum mechanics.
They have also compiled nine other important scientific accomplishments, They are:
2)SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY : In definibg moment fot bilogy and biotechnology reasearchers build a synthetic genome and usef it to transform thr identity of a bacterium. Tje genome placed the bacteriums DNA so that it producef a new set of proteins-an achievement that prompted a congressional hearibg on synthetic technology.
3)Neandertal Genome: Reasearchers sequenced the neandertal genome from the bones of three female neandertals whonlived in croatia sometime between 38000 and 44000 years ago. New methods of sequencing degraded fragments of DNA allowefcscientists to mske the first direct comparions between the human genome and that of our neandertsl ancestors.
4)HIV prophylaxis:
Two HIV prevenyion traols of different novel strategies reported success. Avaginal gel thst contains the anti HIV drug tenofoir reduced HIV infections in women by 39 percent and an oral pre eposureprophylaxis led to 43.8 fewer HIV infections in a group of meb and transgender women who have sex with men.
5) EXOME SEQUENCING OR RARE DISEASE GENES:
By sequencing just the exones of a genome, or the tiny portion that actually codes for proteins, reasearchers who stidy rare inherited disease caused by a single, flawed gene were able to identify specific mutations underlyibg atleast a dozen diseases.
6)MOLECULAR DYNAMUCS SIMULATIONS: simulating the gyrations that proteins make ad they fold has been a combinatorial bightmare. Now reasearchers have harnessed the power of one of the worlds most powerfull computers to track the motions of atoms in a small, folding protein for a length of time 100 times long lenger than any previous efforts.
7) QUANTUM SIMULATOR: thisvyear researchers found a short cut by nakibg quantum sinulators -artificial crystals in which spots of laser light play the role of ions and stoms trapped in the light stand in for electrons.
8)NEXT GENERATION GENOMICS: faster and cheaper sequencing technologies are enabiling very large scale studies of both ancient and modern DNA.
9)RNA REPROGRAMMING: reprogramming cells-turning back their developmental clicks to make them behave like unspecializef "stem cells" in an embyo -has becomeba standard lab technique for studying deseases and development. This year researchers found a new way to do it by SYNTHETIC RNA. It is 100 times as efficient and potentially safer for therapetic use.
10)THE RETURN OF THE RAT: Mice rule the wotld of laboratorybanimals, but for many purposes researchers would rather use rats. Rats are easier to work with and anatomically more similar to human beings; their big drawback is that methods used to make "knockout mouse" -animals tailored for research by having specific genes precisely disabled-dont work forvrats. A flurry of research yhis year, however promises to bring "knockout rats" to labs in a big way.
These are the top TEN SCIENCE breakthroughs.